新聞新知~嬰兒被忽略會感到焦慮
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嬰兒容易因被母親忽略而變得焦慮
By Fiona Macrae
Last updated at 8:17 AM on 25th August 2010
Last updated at 8:17 AM on 25th August 2010
中文大意：
嬰兒們通常很難靠自己坐起來，但六個月大的嬰兒假如得不到他認為該有的注意，將變得焦慮。
當嬰兒們被母親忽略時，壓力的赫爾蒙—皮質醇(cortisol)等級將提升。即使經過一天，當他們再次感到被忽略時，也會有相同的反應。
研究發現，一個迫切須要母愛的嬰兒，若超過兩分鐘被忽略，將在接下來的一天感到焦慮。
孩童成長的專家說，假若嬰兒不斷重複感受壓力的情形，將對這幼小的心靈造成重大影響，並影響他未來的生命路線
為了調查六個月大的嬰兒，是否有能力預測他被忽略的情形。加拿大研究者邀請了30位母親和嬰兒來到實驗室，並且將他們分為2組。
第一組嬰兒被安置在汽車座位上，而他們的母親就像往常一樣與之交談玩耍。
母親被要求常常望著嬰兒的頭發呆，不說話約2分鐘。第二天母親帶著嬰兒回到實驗室，在當天多次測量嬰兒的皮質醇(cortisol)等級，發現當嬰兒被忽略時，皮質醇總量飛快提高。即使他們第二天沒有被忽略，但他們的皮質醇顯示在來到實驗室時是上升的。
第二組嬰兒以同樣方式處理，不同點在於，他們完全沒有被忽略，而他們的皮質醇沒有多大改變。
Biology Letters期刊報告指出，這個實驗表示出當嬰兒被帶回實驗室時(昨天被忽略的場所)，嬰兒能夠察覺出此處將有更多麻煩。
多倫多大學研究者Dr David Haley說：研究結果反應，人類嬰兒有能力根據不同環境預測他們的父母親將如何對他們，產生預測壓力的反應。
倫敦柏貝克大學Professor Jay Belsky說：憂鬱的因素將會影響一個母親與嬰兒的關係，而皮質醇會一次又一次的提高。
在這樣有麻煩的養育環境下成長，這會降低嬰兒的免疫系統。
英文原文：
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They may have barely mastered sitting up by themselves.
But six-month-old babies become stressed out when they don't get the attention they feel they deserve.
Levels of the stress hormone cortisol soar when they are ignored by their mother, and even a day later they are worried about the same thing happening again.
A baby who is deprived of its mother's love for just two minutes is anxious about being ignored again the next day, a study found.
Experts in child development said that repeated episodes of stress could have a huge effect on a youngster's health and on his or her course in life.
To investigate whether six-month-olds are capable of anticipating trouble, the Canadian researchers invited 30 mothers and babies into their laboratory and divided them into two group.
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 Stressed: Babies deprived of attention become worried and anxious, says new Canadian research
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Babies were placed in car seats and their mothers played with them and talked to them as normal.
The play was then interspersed with two-minute periods in which the mother simply stared over her child's head, keeping her face free of emotion.
The next day, she took her child back to the laboratory. Levels of cortisol were measured several times on both days. Amounts of cortisol shot up when the babies were ignored.
They then fell off, before rising again when the youngsters were taken back into the laboratory, despite them not being ignored on the second day.
A second group of babies went through the same process, but without being ignored at any time, and their hormone levels barely changed.
The findings suggest that being taken back into the laboratory led the youngsters who had been ignored to anticipate there being more trouble ahead, the journal Biology Letters reports.
Researcher Dr David Haley, of the University of Toronto, said: 'The results suggest that human infants have the capacity to produce an anticipatory stress response that is based on expectations about how their parents will treat them in a specific context.'
Professor Jay Belsky, of Birbeck College, University of London, said factors such as depression could affect a mother's relationship with her baby and send cortisol levels soaring time and time again.
This could lower a baby's immune system, while a troubled upbringing may also mean the child going on to become a less than perfect parent itself.
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資料來源：
Mail online News
Stressed out: Studies show babies become anxious if ignored for even two minutes by mother
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